Describe how to perform chest compressions on an adult casualty.

Performing chest compressions on an adult casualty is crucial in providing effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The correct technique involves placing the heel of one hand on the center of the chest, typically on the lower half of the sternum, and then interlocking fingers from the other hand on top of the first. This hand placement helps ensure the force is directed downward through the sternum, which is essential for maintaining blood flow during cardiac arrest.

Compressions need to be performed at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute to be effective. This range helps optimize blood circulation during CPR, giving the best chance of resuscitating an individual. The downward force used in compressions is essential; it needs to be firm and deep enough to compress the chest at least 2 inches, allowing for full recoil between compressions to maximize blood flow.

In contrast, placing a hand on the stomach or compressing upwards would not effectively circulate blood through the body. Additionally, a compression rate of 80-100 compressions per minute would be too slow to be effective. The key factor in administering CPR successfully lies in the correct technique and rate of compressions, which dramatically influences the chances of survival for the casualty.