Which action is incorrect when treating external bleeding?

Using a tourniquet as the first option is an incorrect action when treating external bleeding because tourniquets are considered a last resort for controlling severe, life-threatening bleeding, typically in situations where direct pressure and elevation have failed or when a limb injury is contributing to massive hemorrhage. The primary methods to control bleeding are to apply direct pressure on the wound and, if applicable, elevate the affected limb above the heart level. These methods are more effective in the early stages of bleeding and should be attempted first.

The application of direct pressure helps to create a barrier to further blood loss and encourages the natural clotting processes of the body. Elevating the limb can also assist in reducing blood flow to the area, further aiding in the control of bleeding. Cleaning the wound with water is important after initial bleeding is controlled, but it should not be the immediate focus when active bleeding is present. Thus, opting for a tourniquet without first employing these more conservative measures is not only ineffective but potentially harmful, as it may lead to unnecessary tissue damage or complications.